Grech V, Cassar J. Cardiac illustrations. Images Paediatr Cardiol 1999;1:18-21


*Invited article* (0.5M)	*Grech V, Cassar J. Cardiac illustrations. Images Paediatr Cardiol 1999;1:18-21
*	Senior Registrar, Paediatric Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Malta
**	Joe Cassar & Associates (graphic artists), Malta

MeSH
Medical illustration	Heart defects, congenital

Abstract
Pictures of congenital heart lesions are very useful for patient and parent understanding of underlying problems, and the actual physical mechanics of treatment/s, both past and proposed. In this article, we have produced scanned pictures by HeartLine from their book 'Heart Children'. We have also added some new graphics that depict heart lesions not originally in this book, and in addition, some postoperative situations.

Article
Congenital heart disease is a label for a very heterogeneous group of lesions with varying haemodynamic consequences. Parents and older patients can invariably be made to understand clearly the mechanics of a particular lesion or constellation of lesions. Pictures of hearts are extremely useful in this explanatory process.

In this article, we have scanned images produced by HeartLine, a registered British charity. These images were specifically designed for parents, and are included in a book produced by HeartLine called Heart Children¹. Copies of the book are available from HeartLine.

Minor changes have had to be made to the scanned images in order to display them to their best effect. In addition, several pictures have been produced which are not in the original Heartline publication, including postoperative conditions. We have also included pictures of some conditions which are not congenital in nature. Pages and images are copyright of HeartLine and of Images Paediatr Cardiol as detailed in this site.

Instructions
This page would have been extremely cumbersome had all of the images been linked directly within this page. To view the individual images, please follow the following simple steps:

Click on the link (condition name as listed below) to view image.

Click 'back' on your browser to return to this page.

(File sizes are 24-44 K).

Normal situations

	Normal heart
	Fetal heart
	Blank heart - black & white image, useful for drawing on

Congenital heart disease
Major haemodynamic effect is shunting

	Atrial septal defect
	Ventricular septal defect
	Patent ductus arteriosus
	Atrioventricular septal defect
	Truncus arteriosus
	Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Major haemodynamic effect is outflow tract obstruction of the right ventricle

	Pulmonary stenosis
	Tetralogy of Fallot
	Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
	Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
	Tricuspid atresia

Major haemodynamic effect is outflow tract obstruction of the left ventricle

	Aortic stenosis
	Coarctation of the aorta
	Hypoplastic left heart
	Subaortic stenosis

Major haemodynamic effect is parallel circulation

	Transposition of the great arteries
	Complex transposition of the great arteries
	Transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis

Complex hearts

Double inlet ventricle

Congenital heart disease postoperative conditions

	Norwood stage 1
	Norwood stage 2
	Norwood stage 3
	Right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit
	Physiological repair of transposition of the great arteries

Cardiomyopathies

	Dilated
	Hypertrophic

Acknowledgments

References

Rees P, Tunstill A, Pope T, Kinnear D, Rees S. Heart Children. Camberley: HeartLine Association; 1992

Contact information

Dr. Victor Grech Editor-in-Chief Images Paediatr Cardiol Paediatric Department St. Luke's Hospital Guardamangia MSD09 - Malta victor.e.grech@gov.mt