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Hepatitis D

Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus. It is a virus-like particle which is dependent on the hepatitis B virus to replicate hence a patient can acquire hepatitis D virus infection at the same time as he/she is infected with the hepatitis B virus. It is endemic to the Mediterranean regions.

Reservoir

Humans.

Incubation period

Not firmly determined.

Signs and Symptoms

Co-infection (simultaneous acute infection with HBV and HCV). This usually causes a self-limited hepatitis.

Super-infection (HDV infection in a HBV carrier). This often causes a fulminant acute hepatitis that progresses to chronic active hepatitis.

Diagnosis

Blood tests to identify hepatitis D virus antigen or anti-HDV in the serum.

Treatment

Same as for hepatitis B.

Control and Prevention

As with hepatitis B infection.

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