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Brucellosis

Brucellosis is caused by the organism Brucella melitensis. The organism infects all domestic and wild animals. The diseased animal excretes Brucella through urine, milk, products of miscarriage/placenta.

Reservoir

Infection in humans can be transmitted from cattle, swine, goats, sheep and dogs.

Incubation period

Variable and difficult to ascertain. Usually five to 60 days; can be several months.

Signs and Symptoms

Continued, intermittent or irregular fever of variable duration
Headache
Weakness
Profuse sweating
Chills
Arthrlagia
Depression
Weight loss
Generalized aching
Localized suppurative infections of organs
Osteoarticular complications are common

Diagnosis

History of exposure
Clinical features
Laboratory findings (blood tests)

Treatment

Antibiotic treatment prescribed by medical doctor (rifampicin and doxycycline) for at least six weeks.

Control and Prevention

Educate the public against drinking untreated/unpasteurised milk or eating dairy products produced from such milk. Boiling milk is effective when pasteurisation is not available.
Educate farmers and handlers of potentially infected animals to reduce exposure and exercise care in handling placentae, discharges and foetuses.
Search for and investigate livestock at risk of infection.

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